Variables are useful for date and time comparisons, as well as using certain addition/subtraction functions numerous times. Each column's expression is the SQL used to generate the column's value.
Hand stats show data about single hands - for example, what the turn card was, or what the pot size was in a hand. Players/Hand: Players stats are stats that show information over many hands for a player - for example, VPIP and PFR are player stats - and these are the kinds of stats that are used in the HUD.$/T: While some stats are the same for both cash games ($) and tournaments (T), there are many statistics that are unique to tournaments.
Let's first talk about what each section of this window is useful for: The statistics window has many options and can be a bit confusing at first.